The Silent Killer Taking 9 Lives Daily in Kenya: Experts Call for Early Screening and Vaccination
The primary culprit behind cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18.
Cancer survivors during cancer awareness day in Kwale County in June 2024. Nine women in Kenya lose their lives to cervical cancer every day. (Photo: File/Mishi Gongo)
By Joy Jeelagat
Cervical cancer remains the second most common cancer among women in Kenya, claiming approximately nine lives every day—over 3,000 annually.
The primary culprit behind cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18.
HPV is a widespread sexually transmitted infection that can affect the skin, throat, and genital area. While condom use can lower the risk of transmission, it does not offer complete protection since it does not cover all affected areas.
Kenya records 5,226 new cases of cervical cancer each year, contributing to the global burden of 662,044 cases and 348,709 deaths.
The Call for Early Screening and Vaccination
Speaking at a national event in Nyandarua County, Mary Muthoni, the Principal Secretary for Public Health and Professional Standards, emphasized the need for early screening to ensure timely treatment.
She urged women not to fear screening, noting that early detection significantly improves survival rates.
She also underscored the importance of vaccinating girls aged 9 to 14 against HPV.
“90% of girls aged 14 and below should be vaccinated,” Muthoni stated. “Community health promoters (CHPs) must ensure that every woman, especially in rural areas, gets screened.”
However, HPV vaccine uptake in Kenya remains alarmingly low, with only 13% of eligible girls receiving the vaccine. Just 1 in 10 girls has completed the full two-dose regimen.
Addressing Barriers to Vaccination
Dr. Diana Marion, a consultant obstetrician and gynecologist, highlighted the need for increased awareness to boost vaccine uptake. She called for debunking misconceptions surrounding cervical cancer and better education on the importance of HPV vaccination.
Marion explained that the progression from HPV exposure to cervical cancer can take up to 15 years. While the vaccine is most effective before exposure, it can still benefit sexually active women—but screening is required beforehand.
“We conduct a Pap test, which can be combined with an HPV DNA test,” she said. “Cervical cancer screening should be routine, and we have a national program for it.”
A Pap test (Pap smear) is a procedure in which cells are collected from the cervix and examined under a microscope to detect any precancerous or cancerous changes.
Dr. Marion stressed the importance of regular screening, adding that treatment options such as laser excision and conization biopsy are available for early-stage cases.
Prevention Over Treatment
As Cervical Cancer Awareness Month comes to a close, women are urged to prioritize prevention over treatment. Key preventive measures include:
HPV vaccination
Regular Pap smears and HPV testing
Practicing safe sex
Quitting smoking
Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle
By increasing awareness, promoting screening, and improving vaccine uptake, Kenya can curb the devastating impact of cervical cancer and save lives.
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